Identification of the sentinel lymph node using hemosiderin in locally advanced breast cancer.

OBJECTIVE: to verify the agreement rate in the identification of sentinel lymph node using an autologous marker rich in hemosiderin and 99 Technetium (Tc99) in patients with locally advanced breast cancer. METHODS: clinical trial phase 1, prospective, non-randomized, of 18 patients with breast cancer and clinically negative axilla stages T2=4cm, T3 and T4. Patients were submitted to sub-areolar injection of hemosiderin 48 hours prior to sentinel biopsy surgery, and the identification rate was compared at intraoperative period to the gold standard marker Tc99. Agreement between methods was determined by Kappa index. RESULTS: identification rate of sentinel lymph node was 88.9%, with a medium of two sentinel lymph nodes per patients. The study identified sentinel lymph nodes stained by hemosiderin in 83.3% patients (n=15), and, compared to Tc99 identification, the agreement rate was 94.4%. CONCLUSION: autologous marker rich in hemosiderin was effective to identify sentinel lymph nodes in locally advanced breast cancer patients.

Identification of the sentinel lymph node using hemosiderin in locally advanced breast cancer / Identificação do linfonodo sentinela utilizando hemossiderina em casos de câncer de mama localmente avançado

ABSTRACT Objective: to verify the agreement rate in the identification of sentinel lymph node using an autologous marker rich in hemosiderin and 99 Technetium (Tc99) in patients with locally advanced breast cancer. Methods: clinical trial phase 1, prospective, non-randomized, of 18 patients with breast cancer and clinically negative axilla stages T2=4cm, T3 and T4. Patients were submitted to sub-areolar injection of hemosiderin 48 hours prior to sentinel biopsy surgery, and the identification rate was compared at intraoperative period to the gold standard marker Tc99. Agreement between methods was determined by Kappa index. Results: identification rate of sentinel lymph node was 88.9%, with a medium of two sentinel lymph nodes per patients. The study identified sentinel lymph nodes stained by hemosiderin in 83.3% patients (n=15), and, compared to Tc99 identification, the agreement rate was 94.4%. Conclusion: autologous marker rich in hemosiderin was effective to identify sentinel lymph nodes in locally advanced breast cancer patients.

RESUMO Objetivo: verificar a taxa de concordância na identificação do linfonodo sentinela utilizando um marcador autólogo rico em hemossiderina e o Tecnécio 99 (Tc99) em casos de câncer de mama localmente avançados. Métodos: ensaio clínico fase 1, do tipo prospectivo, não randomizado, em 18 pacientes portadoras de câncer de mama com axila clinicamente negativa em estádio T2=4cm, T3 e T4. As pacientes foram submetidas à injeção subareolar de um marcador autólogo rico em hemossiderina 48 horas antes do procedimento cirúrgico para biópsia do linfonodo sentinela, e sua taxa de identificação foi comparada, no intraoperatório, com o marcador radioativo Tc99 (padrão-ouro). A concordância entre os métodos foi estabelecida pelo índice de Kappa. Resultados: a taxa de identificação do linfonodo sentinela foi de 88,9%, com uma média de dois linfonodos sentinelas por paciente. O estudo identificou os linfonodos sentinelas corados com hemossiderina em 83,3% dos casos (n=15), quando comparados com a taxa de identificação do Tc99, tendo sido observada concordância em 94,4% dos casos estudados. Conclusão: o marcador autólogo rico em hemossiderina se mostrou eficaz na identificação do linfonodo sentinela em casos de câncer de mama localmente avançado.

Protein-losing enteropathy in systemic lupus erythematosus: case report.

Protein-losing enteropathy is rarely seen in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. This clinical condition should be suspected in the presence of persistent hypoalbuminemia despite normal liver function, adequate protein intake, and no significant proteinuria. We report the case of a 48-year-old female with weight loss, cavity effusions (ascites and pleural effusion), and lower extremity edema. The diagnosis of lupus was established based on the presence of lymphopenia, proteinuria, ANA, and positive autoantibodies (anti-Sm, anti-DNA, and anti-Ro). Because hypoalbuminemia persisted even with corticosteroid therapy at the dose of 1 mg/kg, protein-losing enteropathy was diagnosed by use of Tc-99m albumin scintigraphy. After adding azathioprine to the treatment, the symptoms subsided and serum albumin levels improved.

Enteropatia perdedora de proteínas no lúpus eritematoso sistêmico: relato de caso / Protein-losing enteropathy in systemic lupus erythematosus: case report

A enteropatia perdedora de proteínas raramente pode ser observada em pacientes com lúpus eritematoso sistêmico. Essa situação clínica deve ser suspeitada quando houver hipoalbuminemia persistente, na presença de uma função hepática preservada, ingesta proteica adequada e ausência de proteinúria significativa. Descrevemos o caso de uma paciente de 48 anos com perda ponderal, derrames cavitários (ascite e derrame pleural) e edema de membros inferiores. O diagnóstico de lúpus foi firmado a partir da presença de linfopenia, proteinúria, FAN e autoanticorpos positivos (anti-Sm, anti-DNA e anti-Ro). Houve persistência de hipoalbuminemia mesmo com corticoterapia na dose de 1 mg/kg de peso, sendo diagnosticada enteropatia perdedora de proteínas por meio da cintilografia com albumina 99mTc. A melhora clínica e laboratorial da paciente veio após a associação da azatioprina com corticosteroide.

Protein-losing enteropathy is rarely seen in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. This clinical condition should be suspected in the presence of persistent hypoalbuminemia despite normal liver function, adequate protein intake, and no significant proteinuria. We report the case of a 48-year-old female with weight loss, cavity effusions (ascites and pleural effusion), and lower extremity edema. The diagnosis of lupus was established based on the presence of lymphopenia, proteinuria, ANA, and positive autoantibodies (anti-Sm, anti-DNA, and anti-Ro). Because hypoalbuminemia persisted even with corticosteroid therapy at the dose of 1 mg/kg, protein-losing enteropathy was diagnosed by use of Tc-99m albumin scintigraphy. After adding azathioprine to the treatment, the symptoms subsided and serum albumin levels improved.

Refractory congenital chylous ascites.

Refractory congenital chylous ascites (CCA) is an uncommon clinical condition. Few cases have been described and no gold standard treatment has been defined so far. This report describes a case of refractory CCA in a newborn child which was treated by surgery. Preoperative lower-limb lymphoscintigraphy associated with intraoperative patent blue testing and fibrin glue application were useful in order to provide a successful outcome.

Localização no calcâneo de linfoma não-Hodgkin B de grandes células primário do osso: relato de caso e revisão de literatura / Calcaneous involvement by primary large B-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma of bone: a case report and literature review

Descreve-se, neste artigo, um caso raro de linfoma não-Hodgkin B de grandes células extranodal primário do osso em um paciente de seis anos de idade, do sexo masculino, com manifestaçãoclínica e radiológica inicial em localização não-comum (tálus).

A case of a 6-year-old male primary B-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma with lytic bone lesion in an unusual location was demonstrated by clinical and radiologic examination.